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- A Bid'ah is that innovation which came into practice
after the blessed age of the Prophet (salall laahu alaihi wasallam) be it
worldly or religious.
- Some people say that to celebrate the Meelad, Esaale
Sawaab for the deceased, making Fateha after the Janazah Salaah, etc. to be
Bidah and in some cases as Haraam. They say these were not practised in the
time of Rasoolullah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam).
- We will now list a few things, which were not during the
blessed age of Rasoolullah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) but were
innovated afterwards and made part and parcel of religion:
- Construction of Madressas,
- Dividing the Quran into thirty parts,
- Marking the expressions on the Holy Quran, viz. Fatha,
Kasra, Dhamma (Zabbar, Zer, Pesh),
- Printing the Holy Book and other religious books in
the press,
- The compilation of I'lm-e-Hadith and Fiqh,
- To put down the Holy verses of the Quran in paper
form, etc.
- All the above-mentioned things are Bidahs, which were not in
the blessed age of Rasoolullah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) but are
considered religious. Those who say that Moulood and Fateha are Bidahs because
those religious affairs which were innovated after the blessed age of the Holy
Prophet (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) should have a look at the above
list and show us which of these two things are not included in the religion and
which was there in the blessed age?
- The Hadith: "Whosoever invents a new thing in our
religion is rejected" means that whoever innovates a new belief or whoever
innovates a new action which is in contradiction with the Kitaab and Sunnah will
be rejected.
- The books "Shaami" and "Mirqaat"say that
Bid'ah is of five categories, viz. Ja'iz, Waajib, Mustahab, Makruh and
Haraam.
- We will have to omit many things which are known to be
part and parcel of religion but were innovated after the blessed age of Rasoolullah
(sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) such as the Masaa'ils of Fiqh,
the four Madhabs, viz. Hanafi, Shafi, Maliki, Hanbali; the Tariqas, viz.
Nashbandiyya, Qaderiyya, Chistiyya, Shuhruwardiyya, Alwiyya, etc.; the
denominations of the Sufiyya-Ikraam; the categorisation of the six Kalimahs,
Imaan-e-Mujmal, Imaan-e-Mufassal; the division of the Holy Quran into 30 parts;
the compilation of the knowledge of Hadith and the categorisation of Hadiths,
i.e. Sahih, Da'if, Hassan, Mu'addal, etc.; the construction of madressa and
arrangement of their syllabuses; and to set a course for achieving the degree of
Aalim and Qari and to present certificates on the completion of the course to
the respective students, etc. will all be Haraam if we accept a statement that
all Bid'ahs are Haraam and there is nothing like Bid'ah-e-Hasana.
- In fact, there is no act of Shari'ah or Tariqah, which is
void of Bid'ah. Then how much will you try to avoid such a Haraam (as you say)
when it is surrounding your whole religious activity. So, therefore, all Bid'ahs
are not Haraam but only those, which contradict with the Kitaab and Sunnah.
- Bid'ah Amali (innovated action) is classified in
two:-
- Bid'ah-e-Hasana (praiseworthy innovation) is that
action which does not contradict with the Holy Quran and the Sunnah and was
brought into practice after the time of the Holy Prophet (sallal laahu
alaihi wasallam) for example, to construct religious institutions, to
print the Holy Quran in the press, to hold gatherings of Meelad, to eat nice
food and to put on attractive clothes, etc. Bid'ah-e-Hasana is not
only permissable (Ja'iz) but at times it can be appreciable (Mustahab) and
even essential (Waajib).
- Bid'ah-e-Sai'iyya (offensive innovation) is
that action which was not in practice in the blessed age of the Holy Prophet
(sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) and which contradicts with the Holy
Quran and the Sunnah, for example to say the Khutba of Eid or Jum'a in a
language other than Arabic, etc. Bid'ah-e-Sai'iyya can be Makruh
Tanzhi or Makruh Tahrimi or even Haraam.
- Bid'ah-e-Hasana is further divided into three
categories:-
- Bid'ah Ja'iz (Permissable): is that
action which the Shari'ah prohibited and which is done without
expecting any reward or punishment for it. For example, partaking in a
variety of delicious dishes or wearing nice and attractive clothing, etc.
- Bid'ah Mustahab (appreciable): is that
act which is done with an anticipation for earning reward, for example to
celebrate the Meelad-un-Nabi (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) or to
pray Fateha for the souls of deceased Muslims, etc. If is is done with the
intention of gaining rewards, he will gain reward for it, and if one does
not do it, he will not be reprimanded for it.
- Bid'ah Waajib (essential): is that
new action which has not been prohibited in the Shari'ah but to omit it will
lead to critical complications in the religion. For example, to put the
expressions (I'raab) in the Holy Quran such as Fatha, Kasra and Dhumma, to
constuct madressas for teaching the Holy Quran and Hadith and to learn and
teach the knowledge of nahv (Arabic syntax), etc. are all Bid'ah
Wajib.
- Offensive Bid'ah is categorised in two:-
- Bid'ah Makruh (abominable): is that innovation
the performing of which will lead to the annihilation of a Sunnah. If a
Ghaiyr Mu'akkidah Sunnah is annihilated then it is Makruh Tanzihi and if a
Mu'akkidah Sunnah is annihilated then it is Makruh Tahrimi. For example, to
pray the Eid Khutba in a language other than Arabic, etc. is Bid'ah Makruh
Tahrimi.
- Bid'ah Haraam (prohibited): is that
innovation which will lead to the annihilation of a Waajib. For example, the
introductions of beliefs which are in contradiction with the Kitab and
Sunnah, such as Qadriyya who believe, that man has got all the power to do
whatever he wishes, etc.
- The first volume of "Ashi'atul Lam'aat" (Babul
I'tisaam) says about Bid'ah Hasana and Sai'iyya under the Hadith:
"Every Bid'ah is a delusion (misleading)" that any Bidah which is in
accordance with the principles, the canons of Islamic Law and the Sunnah and has
been deduced analogically from the Quran or Sunnah (through Qiyas) is Bid'ah-e-Hasana and that which is in contrasts to the above definition is
Bid'ah-e-Sai'iyya.
- A Hadith in "Miskhat" under Babul-I'lm says:
"He who sets a good precedent in Islam, there is reward for him for this (act of
goodness) and a reward for him also who acts according to it subsequently,
without any deduction from their rewards and he who sets in Islam an evil
precedent there is upon him the burden of that, and the burden of him also who
acts upon it subsequently, without any deduction from their burdens."
- From this Hadith we see that to introduce a nice way in
Islam which is in accordance with the Holy Quran and Sunnah will induce rewards
and to do vice versa will provoke punishment.
- In the preface of the book, "Shaami", under
Faza'il Imam Abu Hanifa (radi Allahu anhu), it is written: "The
scholars say these Ahadith are the canons of Islam and that is whoever
introduces a bad way in Islam, he will get the burden of the sins of all those
who act upon it and whoever introduces a nice way he will get reward of all
those who act upon it till the Day of Judgement".
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